An interesting article from CFP Board for all of us to ponder. Enjoy. Lisa
The statistics are dire. Studies suggest that around 75% of the baby boom generation is not prepared for retirement. But we’ve heard the numbers so often that they no longer seem to have much impact. It’s like living along an earthquake fault. You know someday the Big One will come, but the warnings are so familiar — and that day seems so far off — that you hardly pay any attention. Well, the statistics on women and retirement are even more alarming than for baby boomers as a whole, and the first tremors of socio-economic crisis can already be felt.
According to 101 Facts on the Status of Workingwomen, published by the advocacy group Business and Professional Women USA, two-thirds of women are in jobs that do not provide either a traditional pension or a 401(k). For women who do have pensions, the median income is just above half that for men (In 2004, the median income for women was $12,080; for men, it was $21,102). Some 45% of older women who live alone are classified as living near or under the poverty threshold of $9,060 per year. Social Security is the only source of income for 25% of elderly non-married women. The U.S. has the highest poverty rate for older women of all post-industrial nations. Why are women so much worse off when it comes to retirement?
“Longevity and care-giving are the biggest issues,” says Cindy Hounsell, president of the Women’s Institute for a Secure Retirement (WISER). “Women live longer than men but they also work fewer years and earn less. Women remain the primary caregivers, and they interrupt their working lives to provide care. As a result, they must plan for a longer retirement but they start off with less income.” According to the WISER report Unique Challenges Faced by Women in Preparing for and Managing Their Retirement Years, over 61% of women living alone after age 65 have income under $15,000 a year. The report also states that more than half of all informal caregivers say their careers have been adversely affected by that responsibility, and that caregivers are two-and-a-half times more likely than non-caregivers to live in poverty.
Women from all socio-economic backgrounds find themselves in the pension predicament. Hounsell, a regular speaker at conferences and seminars, describes how women nearing retirement regularly approach her after talks. “People sidle up to me in the hallway and ask for advice,” she says. “These are professional women, academics, the top women in their fields. But they have that deer-in-the-headlights look. They don’t have a penny for retirement.” This is one area at least where women have achieved parity with men: Both genders are equally unprepared when it comes to planning for retirement.
“A coaching process needs to occur,” says Marilyn Capelli Dimitroff, president of Capelli Financial Services, Inc. and a member of CFP Board’s Board of Directors, “and the first step is for women to get clarity about their situations. They need to understand where they are. And if nothing changes, where does that lead?”
If nothing changes, that will certainly lead to big trouble for a lot of older women. Many women may plan to work longer, perhaps even beyond retirement age, in order to fill the pension gap. That’s a fine strategy — unless your health or marriage fails or a loved one or family member requires care. The WISER report cites a study of 51- to 61-year-olds that found more than three quarters of the people surveyed in this age group experience divorce, job loss, health problems, widowhood, or the onset of frailty among parents or in-laws. Disconnected: 10 Ways Americans Lack a Realistic Understanding of Retirement Security, a review of retirement research published by the Society of Actuaries, cites a study in which almost 40% of those surveyed said they retired earlier than they had expected; half of this group said poor health, either their own of that of a loved one, was the reason. Crises like these are trying during the best of times. But if they occur before retirement preparations are complete, the financial impact can be enormous.
That’s why Dimitroff counsels her female clients to take care of their own retirement needs first. “Women often make decisions that put their children’s well-being ahead their own,” she says. “I advise them not to give money to their children on demand. If a woman is bereaved and a life insurance policy pays out, that can look like a lot of money. She may think, ‘Maybe I can help out so-and-so.’ She has to realize, though, that she may need to live on that money for the next 30 years, and that securing her own financial future is a huge gift to her children.”
Dimitroff believes financial literacy is gradually improving among younger women. “By marrying later, women are having longer career trajectories and greater periods of financial responsibility before perhaps interrupting their careers to raise a family. That provides a very different start in life than women of previous generations.” There are some statistics — positive ones this time! — to back up this observation. Between 1997 and 2004, the number of firms owned by women increased by 17% nationwide, twice the rate of firms in general, according to 101 Facts on the Status of Workingwomen. Women-owned firms now represent 30% of all businesses in the U.S. The less positive news is, many of these firms are small businesses, and like so many small businesses they don’t offer much in the way of retirement benefits.
Dimitroff says she often observes a shifting of roles in women and men as they get older. “As men age, they tend to soften up a bit emotionally, while many women become more straightforward, more gung-ho about a career, charity work or doing something for themselves, like learning the piano. Retirement should not be a winding down of the good times, but a time for women to discover the possibilities of what they can do.” Sound retirement planning is the oil that will keep the good times rolling.